为深入研究复相陶瓷在冲击加载下的宏观力学响应特性与微观断裂机制，选取Al2O3/SiC复相陶瓷为研究对象，设计了一维应力波和平面冲击波加载测试方法，研究了材料动态强度及其应变率效应、高压Hugoniot曲线以及不同受力特征下的材料局部变形机制。结果表明：不同的宏观受力特征下复相陶瓷对应有不同的微观断裂机理；冲击加载下材料的宏观变形主要是脆性破坏，但从微观角度观察，大尺寸晶粒穿晶断裂以及小尺寸晶粒沿晶断裂存在明显的局部塑性变形特征；第二相SiC颗粒在晶界和晶粒内部诱导裂纹传播，起到了冲击能量再分配的作用。

为探究飞秒激光制孔工艺规律,采用脉冲宽度235 fs,重复频率100 kHz的飞秒激光在1.5 mm厚304不锈钢上开展不同离焦量下的制孔试验。首先记录不同离焦量下制孔时间,然后在影像测量仪下测量不同离焦量下微孔入口、出口孔径并计算对应锥度,最后在金相显微镜和扫描电镜下对孔壁进行金相观察及元素分布线扫描。试验结果表明：当离焦量由-1.0 mm变化到1.0 mm时,微孔入口、出口孔径均增大,锥度呈现先减小再增大趋势,最大锥度3.32°,孔的出口质量逐渐变差。金相分析证实本试验不同离焦量下孔壁均无重熔层、微裂纹等热致缺陷,但负离焦下加工质量更优。孔壁附近元素线扫描结果表明飞秒激光制孔对基体材料元素分布几乎无影响。相比正离焦加工,负离焦加工效率更高,制孔时间约27 s。

In order to measure the flow velocity of carbon particle suspension perpendicular to the receiving axis of ultrasound transducer, the standard deviation of photoacoustic Doppler frequency spectrum is used to estimate the bandwidth broadening, and the spectrum standard deviation is calculated by an auto-correlation method. A 532 nm pulsed laser with the repetition rate of 20 Hz is used as a pumping source to generate photoacoustic signal. The photoacoustic signals are detected using a focused PZT ultrasound transducer with the central frequency of 10 MHz. The suspension of carbon particles is driven by a syringe pump. The complex photoacoustic signal is calculated by Hilbert transformation from time domain signal before auto-correlation. The standard deviation of the Doppler bandwidth broadening is calculated by averaging the auto-correlation results of several individual A scans. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by measuring the spectrum standard deviation of the transversal carbon particle flow from 5.0 mm/s to 8.4 mm/s. The experimental results show that the auto-correlation result is approximately linearly distributed within the measuring range.

为了测量碳颗粒悬混溶液的流速矢量，将自相关方法引入了光声多普勒流速测量。纵向和横向速度分量分别由多普勒频移和多普勒频带展宽得到。光声信号由波长532 nm，重复频率20 Hz的脉冲激光激励，由中心频率10 MHz的点聚焦压电超声换能器采集。由微量注射泵驱动的碳颗粒悬混液模拟血液的流动。时域光声信号由希尔伯特变换为复信号后进行自相关计算。多普勒频移和多普勒频宽的标准偏差由若干独立A扫的自相关平均得到。对比之前采用序列A扫的互相关方法，自相关中的信号时移大小可自定义，避免了对高重复频率脉冲激光的要求，有利于探测深度的提高。该方法的可行性通过对流速为16-32 mm/s、多普勒角度为50°的碳颗粒悬混液流速矢量的测量得到了初步验证。

In order to measure the axial flowing velocity of carbon particle suspension with particle diameter of tens of micrometers, the photoacoustic Doppler (PAD) frequency shift is calculated based on a series of individual A scans using an autocorrelation method. A 532 nm pulsed laser with repetition rate of 20 Hz is used as a pumping source to generate photoacoustic signal. The photoacoustic signals are detected using a focused piezoelectric (PZT) ultrasound transducer with central frequency of 5 MHz. The suspension of carbon particles is driven by a syringe pump. The complex photoacoustic signal is calculated by the Hilbert transformation from time-domain photoacoustic signal, and then it is autocorrelated to calculate the Doppler frequency shift. The photoacoustic Doppler frequency shift is calculated by averaging the autocorrelation results of some individual A scans. The advantage of the autocorrelation method is that the time delay in autocorrelation can be defined by user, and the requirement of high pulse repetition rate is avoided. The feasibility of the proposed autocorrelation method is preliminarily demonstrated by quantifying the motion of a carbon particle suspension with flow velocity from 5 mm/s to 60 mm/s. The experimental results show that there is an approximately linear relation between the autocorrelation result and the setting velocity.

针对大视场、小目标、多目标特点下基于数字图像的飞行目标姿态判读任务，选用顶帽运算抑制背景.提取目标骨骼，利用改进Radon坐标系计算极限角分辨率.通过在传统Hough变换后加上一次改进局部Radon变换的方法提取多目标姿态参量，解决了线段位置检测问题,同时消除了小目标、多目标情况下，单纯使用Hough变换处理时产生的误判现象.提出一种变步长快速游标尺度逼近算法,在目标尺度提取上获取了较高的判读准确度.

传统的图像增强算法在增强图像时,增大噪音,同时丢失细节.针对该问题,结合Contourlet变换中相关系数理论,提出了基于Contourlet变换和数学形态学的图像增强新算法.首先,对图像进行Contourlet变换分解,采用数学形态学算子对高频细节部分区分为细节信息和噪音产生的系数,然后,对变换系数采用非线性映射函数进行增强.最后,利用修改后的变换系数进行Contourlet逆变换得到增强后的图像.实验表明,该方法无论是增强效果还是抗噪性能都明显优于传统的图像增强算法.

利用船姿测量仪和光学编码器测出视轴稳定初始时刻的纵横摇角度和经纬仪方位俯仰角度,通过坐标变换技术将稳定点从甲板坐标系转换到大地坐标系中.实时测量由舰船摇摆引起的纵横摇角度变化量和编码器角度变化量,计算出视轴稳定点在大地坐标系中的偏离误差.利用伺服控制系统有效地补偿该误差,由此达到舰载光电经纬仪视轴稳定的目的.实际舰载跟踪试验证明了本文设计的视轴稳定系统准确度高,能够较好地隔离船摇对经纬仪视轴稳定的影响.